Author: Enlighten
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Understanding Cloning in Animals
Cloning is a natural part of the reproductive cycle in many plants. Perhaps surprisingly, it is not uncommon in many animal species and even occurs in human beings. Natural cloning in animal Natural cloning is common in invertebrate animals. Although it is less common in vertebrates, it still occurs in the form of twinning. Cloning…
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Understanding Natural and Artificial Cloning in Plants
Asexual reproduction is a form of cloning and it results in offspring produced by mitosis known as clones. Clones are usually genetically identical to both the parent organism and to each other. Natural cloning Vegetative propagation, or natural cloning, occurs in many species of flowering plants. A structure forms which develops into a fully differentiated…
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Genetic Engineering, Gene Technology and Ethics
DNA sequencing and proteomics provide us with a detailed understanding of an organism’s genetic instructions. Advances in these technologies and molecular biotechnology techniques mean it is now possible to manipulate an organism’s genome to achieve a desired outcome. This manipulation of the genome is called genetic engineering. The basic principles of genetic engineering involve isolating…
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Skin Cancers and Other Sun-Related Skin Growths
Skin Cancers and Other Sun-Related Skin Growths Skin cancer Skin cancer is caused by the damage to the DNA that we have been discussing. The cells begin dividing unevenly and rapidly, but the genetic material in the DNA is damaged by the sun. This rapid dividing of the cells may take the form of small…
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Skin Aging Causes, Prevention and Management
Skin Aging Causes, Prevention and Management What are the causes of skin aging? Here we discuss several factors that influence aging. Gravity is certainly a factor. The gravity of the earth constantly pulls on our bodies, including the facial skin. This gravity is one factor that causes skin and muscle to sag. Lack of oestrogen…
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The Modern Science of Old Age Skin Treatment
The Modern Science of Old Age Skin Treatment Only in the past few years have researchers understood more about photo damage and discovered methods of effective treatment for photoaging. Although prevention and daily use of broad-spectrum sunscreens are still the best treatment, aestheticians now have at their disposal new and promising techniques and ingredients to…
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The Basic Treatment Techniques of Sun-Damaged Skin
The Basic Treatment Techniques of Sun-Damaged Skin The Basics of Treating Sun-Damaged Skin Sun exposure must be carefully avoided, especially during the hours between 10 a.m. and 3 p.m. An SPF 15 (or higher) broad-spectrum sunscreen should be worn on a daily basis, and incorporated into a day cream or fluid. An 8 to 10…
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Symptom And Treatment Guide for Specific Photoaging Conditions
Symptom And Treatment Guide for Specific Photoaging Conditions The following is a quick reference guide to examples of which treatments and products are more appropriate for specific photoaging symptoms. Each client’s skin, of course, is different and may require a combination of the products and treatment modalities. Wrinkles, Rough Textures Alpha hydroxy acid in the…
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Common Reactions, Rashes, And Irritations
Sensitive Skin, Allergies, and Irritants, we discuss common allergies that the aesthetician sees routinely. Dermatitis means inflammation of the skin. It is a descriptive term used to describe many different types of skin inflammation and irritation. Dermatitis is an irritation rather than a disease. It is generally not caused by pathological organisms, such as infections…
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Common Infections of the Skin
Common Infections of the Skin Infections of the skin may be grouped into three types: bacterial, fungal, and viral. Common Bacterial Infections Impetigo Impetigo is a skin infection that is commonly seen on the face, particularly in the lower part of the face, but it can occur anywhere. This disease is characterized by large, open,…
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Primary, Secondary, and Vascular Lesions (Marks) on the Skin
Primary, Secondary, and Vascular Lesions (Marks) on the Skin A lesion: A lesion is any mark on the skin that is not a normal part of the skin. It does not necessarily mean that the skin is diseased. A freckle is a lesion; and so is a wrinkle. However, lesions can also be symptoms of…
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COMMON DISEASES THAT AFFECT THE SKIN CARE PRACTICE
COMMON DISEASES THAT AFFECT THE SKIN CARE PRACTICE Some common diseases that are frequently seen in the salon. These diseases are communicable, so skin care professionals must take precautions. The skin care professional is not a medical doctor and should never attempt to diagnose, treat, or give advice to clients about these diseases. However, aestheticians…
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Enlighten Biology Note on Mutations and Its Effects on Organisms
Mutations and Its Effects on Organisms Gene mutations (when DNA goes wrong) A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases in DNA. Protein synthesis can be disrupted if the mutation occurs within a gene. The change in sequence is caused by the substitution, deletion, or insertion of one or more nucleotides (or base…
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Enlighten Biology Note on Control of Gene Expression.
Gene regulation Enzymes which are necessary for reactions present in metabolic pathways like respiration are constantly required, and the genes that code for these are called housekeeping genes. Protein-based hormones (required for the growth and development of an organism or enzymes) are only required by certain cells at certain times to carry out a short-lived…
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Enlighten Biology Note on Using DNA Sequencing.
Enlighten Biology Note on Using DNA Sequencing. The development of DNA profiling and DNA sequencing has led to the development of new areas of bioscience that help us analyze, understand, and make use of all the data generated. Computational biology and bioinformatics People often use the terms computational biology and bioinformatics interchangeably. They describe different…
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Enlighten Biology Note on Speciation and Artificial Selection.
Enlighten Biology Note on Speciation and Artificial Selection. Speciation Speciation is the formation of new species through the process of evolution. The organisms belonging to the new species will no longer be able to interbreed to produce fertile offspring with organisms belonging to the original species. Several events that happen leading to speciation: Members of…
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Enlighten Biology note on the Diversity of Mammals
Enlighten Biology note on the Diversity of Mammals MAMMALS Mammals include the largest animal ever to live, the blue whale (130 metric tons). The smallest mammal, the Kitti’s bat (1.5 g) And the fastest land animal is the cheetah (110 km/hr). These characteristics distinguish mammals: Mammals are named for their distinctive mammary glands, which produce…
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Enlighten Biology Note on Phylum Echinodermata and its Class of Organisms.
Enlighten Biology Note on Phylum Echinodermata and its Class of Organisms. General Characteristics Echinoderms are slow-moving or sessile marine animals. Echinoderms have a coelom. A thin epidermis covers an endoskeleton of hard calcareous plates, and most species are prickly from skeletal bumps and spines. Unique to echinoderms is the water vascular system, a network of…
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What is Your Skin Type? Discover it Here
What is Your Skin Type? Discover it Here Normal Skin You have little pores along the T-zone You rarely experience breakouts You experience a slight oily shine at the end of the day You rarely are sensitive to products Basically, you hit the skin jackpot. Almost anything you put on your face, whether it has…
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Chemicals Found in the Skin (Body) and Why pH Is Important in Cosmetics
Chemicals Found in the Skin (Body) and Why pH Is Important in Cosmetics Chemicals found in the skin and body When we discuss chemicals and chemical reactions within the body, we are talking about a subject called biochemistry. Biochemistry is a highly complex subject that we will barely touch. Many complex chemical reactions take place…
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