Author: Enlighten
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Why do we have sweet tooth?
Looking at your tongue closely in the mirror you will see tiny bumps scattered on the surface. Inside these bumps are small structures called taste buds and inside the taste buds are cells called taste receptors. The taste receptors detect the presence of certain molecules and send messages to your brain about them. The sensed…
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Using Immobilised Enzymes
Enzymes, mainly from microorganisms, have been used indirectly for thousands of years in biotechnologies including brewing, baking, and making cheese and yoghurt. Many biotechnological processes still use whole microorganisms as their enzyme source. More recently they are also being used in isolation. Isolated enzymes Using isolated enzymes instead of whole organisms has some clear advantages.…
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Culturing microorganisms in the laboratory and on an industrial scale.
Culturing microorganisms in the laboratory To investigate microorganisms for the medical diagnosis of disease or scientific experiments you need to culture them. This often involves growing large enough numbers of microorganisms for us to see them clearly with the naked eye. Whenever microorganisms are cultured in the laboratory the correct health and safety procedures must…
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Microorganisms, Medicines, and Bioremediation.
Since the discovery of penicillin in the 1920s, biotechnology has played a key role in the development of medicines. Producing penicillin The first effective antibiotic was penicillin, produced by a mould called Penicillium notatum. The yield of penicillin from this mould was very small. Commercial production of the drug in the quantities needed to treat…
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Microorganisms and Biotechnology
The earliest recorded use of microorganisms by people was around 6000 BC when the Sumerians and Babylonians were using yeast to make beer. By 4000 BC the Egyptians were using yeast to make their bread rise. These are all examples of the development and use of biotechnology over several millennia. Defining biotechnology Biotechnology involves applying…
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