Category: NURSE
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The roles of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in regulating the blood calcium level in mammals.
The roles of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in regulating the blood calcium level in mammals. Control of blood calcium Because calcium ions (Ca2+) are essential to the normal functioning of all cells, homeostatic control of the level of calcium in the blood is vital. If the blood Ca2+ level falls substantially, skeletal muscles contract convulsively, a…
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How to Detect Kidney Failure, Causes, And Effects
How to Detect Kidney Failure, Causes, And Effects Content: Causes and effects of kidney failure Measuring glomerular filtration rate (GFR) Treating kidney failure with dialysis Haemodialysis Peritoneal dialysis. Treating kidney failure by transplant Dialysis or transplant? The kidneys play a vital role in homeostasis. If they are damaged and become less efficient or stop working,…
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Urine sample and diagnosis
Urine sample and diagnosis. For many centuries people have used urine to try’ and diagnose diseases by looking at the colour, the smell, and even the taste of it. It is still a useful diagnostic tool, although our methods of analysis are more sophisticated. Also Read: Why does urine comes with varieties of Colour and…
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Understanding the Principle of Homeostasis and Thermoregulation.
Understanding the Principle of Homeostasis and Thermoregulation. Content: The principles of homeostasis Receptors and effectors Feedback systems Negative feedback systems Positive feedback systems Thermoregulation Classification of animals based on thermoregulation Endotherms Ectotherms How ectotherms and endotherms maintain and control their body temperature. Temperature regulation in ectotherms Physiological responses to warming Detecting temperature changes in endotherms…
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Regulation of Blood Glucose Concentration, Diabetes and its Control.
Regulation of Blood Glucose Concentration, Diabetes and its Control. Content: Increasing and decreasing blood glucose concentration Role of insulin blood glucose concentration Role of glucagon blood glucose concentration Mechanism of controlling insulin secretion Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas Diabetes Treatment and Control. Common symptoms of diabetes Types of diabetes (type 1 and type 2…
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How Organisms Detect and React to Changes in Temperature and Pain
How Organisms Detect and React to Changes in Temperature and Pain How organisms react and detect temperature changes. Thermoreceptors are regarded as nonspecialized sensory receptors (free nerve endings) that respond to changes in temperature. There are two types, warm and cold receptors. Invertebrates such as fleas and mosquitoes employ thermoreceptors to find their endothermic (“warm-blooded”)…
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The Science and Principle of Taste, Smell, and pH
The Science and Principle of Taste, Smell, and pH Some sensory cells, called chemoreceptors, contain membrane proteins that can bind to particular chemicals or ligands in the extracellular fluid. In response to this chemical interaction, the membrane of the sensory neuron becomes depolarized and produces action potentials. Chemoreceptors are used in the senses of taste…
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Mechanism of Sleep and Language and Spatial Recognition.
Mechanism of Sleep and Language and Spatial Recognition. Arousal and Sleep. The brain stem contains a diffuse collection of neurons referred to as the reticular formation. One part of this formation, the reticular activating system, controls consciousness and alertness. All of the sensory pathways feed into this system, which monitors the information coming into the…
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THE PRINCIPLE OF DISINFECTION
THE PRINCIPLE OF DISINFECTION Disinfection is the second critical step in reprocessing devices. To be effective, disinfection must be preceded by thorough cleaning and must be done properly. Staff members must check the disinfectant’s concentration regularly if it is diluted at the place of use, even if it is diluted with an electronically monitored dilution…
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THE SCIENCE AND PRINCIPLE OF AGING
THE SCIENCE AND PRINCIPLE OF AGING Content: Understanding the science behind aging. Lifespan Versus Longevity Aging & Mortality Wear & Tear Theories of Aging Aging As a Preprogrammed Process Metabolic Theories of Aging: “The Brighter the Candle, the Quicker It Burns” Things to note; Why Would Evolution Select for Limited Lifespans? Understanding the science behind…
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General Principles of Sterilization
General Principles of Sterilization Sterilization is a process that kills all forms of microbial life, including bacterial endospores. Many factors limit the success or degree of sterilization such as Organic load (organisms and other contaminating materials such as blood or body fluids), The type of organisms present, The concentration and exposure time to the germicide,…
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The Science and Art of Making Vaccines
The Science and Art of Making Vaccines Why Vaccination? The goal of vaccination is to trigger an immune response more rapidly and with less harm than a natural infection. Following an initial encounter with a pathogen, memory immune cells are established; re-exposure to the same pathogen reawakens these memory cells to control the infection and…
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Why Does Urine Comes With Varieties of Colour and Odor?
Why does urine comes with varieties of Colour and Odor? The colour of urine varies from almost colourless to black. These variations may be due to normal metabolic functions, physical activity, ingested materials, or pathological conditions. A noticeable change in urine colour is often the reason that a patient seeks medical advice; then it becomes…
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