Integrated Science for senior high schools, Atmosphere and Climate Change revision questions and answers (Essay and Objectives)

Sample essay questions

What is greenhouse gases?
List five gases which contribute to greenhouse effect.
State four effects of greenhouse effects on the climate.
Mention the effects of acid rain.
Explain how carbon monoxide affects the health of humans.
What is global warming?
State the effects of global warming.
List ways by which global warming can be minimize.
State some human activities that contribute to global warming.
List the causes of uneven heating of the earth’s surface.

Answers

1. Greenhouse gases:

Greenhouse gases are gases that contribute to global greenhouse effects.

2. Gases that contribute to greenhouse effects

Chlorofluorocarbon (CFCs)
Water vapour
Methane
Carbon dioxide
Nitrous oxides
Oxone

3. Effects of greenhouse effect on the climate.

Greenhouse effect causes melting of the polar ice which may lead to flooding.
Greenhouse effect causes change in rainfall pattern.
Greenhouse effect leads to global warming (rise in temperature).
It leads to prolong drought.
Greenhouse effect may also lead to acid rain formation which can cause destruction of organisms.
It leads to desertification or evaporation of water from the earth surface.

4. Effects of acid rain

Acid rain causes damages to fishes and other aquatic organisms.
Acid rain destroys paints, metals and stones on buildings and other structures.
Acid rain destroys vegetations thus, trees, shrubs and herbs.
Acid rain destroys soil fertility.

5. How carbon monoxide affects the health of humans

Carbon monoxide binds more strongly to haemoglobin than oxygen.
As the the carbon monoxide combines with the haemoglobin, it form a stable compound called carboxyhaemoglobin.
This carboxyhaemoglobin, prevents haemoglobin from carrying enough oxygen.
The tissues of the human body are then starved of oxygen leading to death or suffocating.

6. Global warming:

Global warming is the rise in the average temperature of the atmosphere around the earth surface due to the increase in greenhouse gases such as CFCs, methane, carbon dioxide, and nitrous oxide in the atmosphere.

7. Effects of global warming.

Global warming causes rise in the sea level.
Global warming leads to massive crop failure.
Global warming causes melting of the ice at the polar regions.
It leads to the migration of some species of organisms to cooler regions.
Global warming brings about increase in drought, bush fires and floods.
It brings about rise in atmospheric temperature.
Global warming causes deforestation.
Hurricanes and storms becoming stronger.
Global warming leads to wide spread extinction of species.

8. Ways of minimizing global warming.

Avoid deforestation.
People should be encourage to purchase energy efficient products.
Replace old appliances with new ones.
Afforestation should be encouraged in our communities.
Industries should be encourage to re-cycle their plastic wastes.
Vehicle should be well maintained.
The use of LPG, solar or renewable energy.

9. Human activities that contribute to global warming.

Bush fires
Emissions of exhaust fumes form cars.
Burning of fossil fuels, petrol or hydrocarbons.
Burning of woods, coal or solid waste.
Cutting down trees or destruction of the vegetation.
Cooking food.
Agriculture activities which produce methane such as breeding of cattle.

10. Causes of uneven heating of the earth’s surface

Revolution of the earth around the sun.
Rotation of the earth on its axis.
Differences in land and sea temperature.
The earth is covered primarily with land and water which get heated and cool at different temperature.
The curvature of the earth surface.

Objective Test

1. Oxone layer depletion results in

A. melting of ice at the poles

B. increase in the number of storms.

C. skin cancer in humans.

D. loss of productive farmland.

2. Acid rain is mainly caused by emission of

A. Sulphur dioxide and potassium nitrate.

B. Sulphur and charcoal.

C. Nitrogen oxide and potassium nitrate

D. Sulphur oxide and nitrogen oxides

3. The gas in the atmosphere that absorb ultra violet rays is

A. Carbon dioxide

B. Nitrogen.

C. Oxygen.

D. Oxone.

4. Which of the following substance is hazardous?

A. CO2.

B. CO.

C. Ne.

D. He.

5. Which of the following gases is environmentally friendly when present in large quantity?

A. Hydrogen sulphide

B. Methane

C. Carbon monoxide

D. Nitrogen

6. The part of the Earth composed of water is called:

A. thermosphere

B. troposphere

C. biosphere

D. hydrosphere.

7. A poisonous gas obtained from burning substances in limited supply of air is:

A. Carbon (IV) oxide

B. Nitrogen (V) oxide

C. methane

D. Carbon (II) oxide

8. All the followings substances are air pollutants except.

A. dust.

B. exhaust fumes

C. fertilizer.

D. Sulphur dioxide.

9. Which of the following pollutants is produce by petrol driven vehicles?

A. carbon (IV) oxide.

B. carbon (II) oxide.

C. nitrogen (II) oxide.

D. Sulphur (VI) oxide.

10. Large scale planting can be use to reduce air pollution brought about by

A. CO2

B. CO

C. dust particles.

D. Sulphur dioxide.

11. The part of the earth which contains soil materials is called

A. biosphere

B. lithosphere

C. hydrosphere

D. mesosphere

12. Which of the following gases is/are air pollutant?

I. SO₂ II. N₂ III. CO

A. I and III only

B. III only

C. II only

D. I only

13. Carbon monoxide is poisonous to human when inhaled because it:

A. enters the brain and kills the nerves

B. enters the stomach and induces vomiting.

C. blocks the path of O₂ with the blood

D. causes severe headache

14. Greenhouse effect is caused by:

A. excessive agricultural activities

B. Emission of excess CO₂ into the atmosphere.

C. Excessive use of nitrogen fertilizers.

D. Emission of H₂S into the atmosphere

15. Lead poisoning can cause one of the following:

A. food poisoning

B. greenhouse effects

C. Mental retardation in children