Question 1

• Specimen A – Twig of mango plant
• Specimen B – Twig of Ixora plant

Study specimens A and B carefully and use them to answer the following questions

Classify specimen B into its Division and Class

Answer:

• Division Angiospermophyta
• Class Dicotyledoneae.

State the types of leaf arrangement in specimens A and B

Answer:

• Specimen A: leaf arrangement is alternate.
• Specimen B: leaf arrangement is opposite.

Name the leaf shape of specimens A and B

Answer:

• Specimen A: leaf shape is Lanceolate/sword-like
• Specimen B: leaf shape is Ovate

State the type of leaf margin in specimen A

Answer:

• Specimen A has an entire or wavy margin.

State the types of venations found in the leaves of specimens A and B

Answer:

• Specimen A has net venation
• Specimen B has net venation

List two observable similarities found in specimens A and B

Observable similarities between specimens A and B

• Both have net venation
• Presence of leave stalk
• Both have a smooth margin
• Leaves have pointed apex
• Both have prominent midribs
• Both specimens are green (presence of chlorophyll)

In tabular form, state three observable differences between specimens A and B

Observable differences between specimens A and B.

Specimen A	Specimen B
Swordlike or lanceolate leaf shape.	Ovate leaf shape.
The leaf is relatively narrow.	The leaf is relatively broad.
Have long leaf stalk.	Have relatively short leave stalk.
The leaf is larger in size.	The leaf is smaller in size.
Leaf arrangement is alternate.	Leave arrangement is opposite.
The leaves have acuminate tips.	Leaves have acute tips.

Make a drawing 8cm – 10cm long of the leaf of specimen A and label fully

A label drawing of the leaf of specimen A

Question 2

• Specimen C – Scale of bony fish
• Specimen D – Quill feather
• Specimen E – Freshly prepared goat/sheep skin

Study specimens C, D, and E carefully and use them to answer the questions below.

Name the Class of organisms to which specimens C, D, and E belongs. Give one reason for each.

Answer:

• Specimen C: Class Osteichthyes.
• Specimen D: Class Aves.
• Specimen E: Class Mammalia.

State one function common to the specimens C, D, and E.

Answer:

Protection of the organism against mechanical injury and desiccation.

In tabular form, state two observable differences between specimens D and E.

Observable differences between specimens D and E

Specimen D	Specimen E
Presence of shaft or rachis.	Absence of shaft or rachis
Presence of quill.	Absence of quill
Barbs present.	Barbs absent.
It is long and hard.	It is broad and soft.
Presence of superior umbilicus.	Absence of superior umbilicus.
Presence of inferior umbilicus.	Absence of inferior umbilicus.

Explain two features of biological importance in specimen D. 

Answer:

Features of biological importance in specimen D

• The overlapping arrangements of specimen D over the body of birds allows smooth movement and little resistance in flight.
• Coloration of specimen D enhances courtship display and camouflage.
• Shaft/rachis is centrally placed to provide a point of attachment for barbs and provide strength to the specimen.
• Presence of specimen D serves as waterproof, keeps the organism warm, provides insulation, and protects the organism.

Make a drawing 8cm – 10cm long of specimen D and label fully

A label drawing of specimen D

Question 3.

• Specimen F: Garden snail
• Specimen G: Cotton Stainer
• Specimen H: Millipede

Study specimens F, G, and H carefully and answer the following questions.

State the phylum and class of specimens F and H belong and give two reasons to support your answer in each case.

Answer:

Specimen F.

Phylum Mollusca

Reason:

• Presence of calcareous shell
• The body is bilaterally symmetrical.
• Possess a head and muscular flat foot.
• Also, the presence of radula for feeding.

Class Gastropoda

Reason:

• Possess a prominent head with two tentacles.
• A pair of eyes born on the tentacles.
• Presence also is a flat muscular foot.
• Calcareous coiled shell is single and external.

Specimen H.

Phylum Arthropoda

Reason:

• Presence of chitinous exoskeleton
• Possess metameric segmentation.
• Have jointed appendages.
• Bilaterally symmetrical.
• Possess triploblastic coelomate.
• They undergo ecdysis.

Class Diplopoda.

Reason:

• Possess two pair of legs per segment.
• Presence of a pair of antennae.
• Head is clearly defined.

Give the order of specimen G and support your answer with two reasons.

Specimen G.

Order Hemiptera

Reason:

• Presence of rostrum
• Possess membranous hindwings.
• Forewings are divided into two distinct portions.

State observable adaptive features of specimens F and H.

Adaptive features of specimen F.

• Presence of a pair of tentacles on the head that are sensitive to touch.
• Possess muscular flat foot for gliding and also sensitive to touch.
• Shell provides camouflage.
• Coiled calcareous shell to protect from predators, injury, and desiccation.

Adaptive features of specimen H.

• Possess sting glands for defense.
• Have antennae for sensitivity.
• Presence of mouthparts for feeding.
• Have small numerous legs for movement.

State the economic importance of specimen F.

• Serve as a source of food (protein).
• Source of employment (snail farming).
• Shells are used for decorations.
• Agricultural Pest
• Shell is also a source of calcium.

Make a drawing 8cm – 10cm long of the ventral view of the shell specimen F.

A label drawing of the ventral view of the shell of specimen F

 

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