Category: SHS
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The Reaction Result From Mismatched Blood Transfusions.
The Reaction Result From Mismatched Blood Transfusions. A person’s blood type is determined by certain antigens found on the red blood cell surface. These antigens are clinically important because they must be matched between donor and recipient during a blood transfusion. ABO groups The protein–sugar complex on the surface of the red blood cells acts…
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How Pathogens are eliminated from the body and Why the Immune System Reject Foreign Tissues and Organs?
How Pathogens are eliminated from the body and Why the Immune System Reject Foreign Tissues and Organs? Introduction In combination with the leukocytes involved in the innate immune system, the cells of the adaptive immune system are almost always successful in eliminating threats from bacteria, parasites, fungi, and viruses. The many different mechanisms used by…
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Adaptive Immunity/Specific Defenses/Acquired Immunity.
Adaptive Immunity/Specific Defenses/Acquired Immunity. Adaptive immunity Adaptive immunity is a vertebrate-specific defense mechanism that recognizes specific molecules as being foreign and clears those molecules from the body. The foreign molecules recognized may be free, as in the case of toxins, or they may be on the surface of viruses or cells such as pathogenic bacteria,…
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Enlighten Knowledge note; The Lymphatic System.
The Lymphatic System. The lymphatic system, which is closely associated with the cardiovascular system, has four main functions that contribute to homeostasis: Lymphatic capillaries absorb excess tissue fluid and return it to the bloodstream. In the small intestines, lymphatic capillaries called lacteals absorb fats in the form of lipoproteins and transport them to the bloodstream.…
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Animal Tissues; Types and Their Functions.
Animal Tissues; Types and Their Functions. Cells form a working animal body through their emergent properties, which arise from successive levels of structural and functional organization. Cells are organized into tissues, groups of cells with a similar appearance and a common function. Different types of tissues are further organized into functional units called organs. (The…
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Plant Nutritional Requirement Note; Elective biology for SHS.
Plant nutritional requirement Introduction. Plants are unique organisms that can absorb nutrients and water through their root system and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Soil quality and climate are the major determinants of plant distribution and growth. The combination of soil nutrients, water, carbon dioxide, and sunlight allow plants to grow. The majority of volume…
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Traditional/Indigenous Way of Soap Production.
Traditional/Indigenous Way of Soap Production. Content: Introduction Scientific principles involved in soap production. The steps involved in traditional soap is production Ways of improving the quality of traditional (local) soap The by-product of soap production. Effects of excess alkali in soap production Main stages in the modern manufacture of soap Similarities between indigenous and modern…
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Rabbit Production in Ghana.
Rabbit Production in Ghana. Content; Rabbit and its importance General characteristics of rabbits Some common breeds of rabbits How to select a good breed of rabbit for rearing Reproduction and taking care of rabbits from birth to maturity Diseases and pests that affect rabbits, and how to control them. Marketing of rabbit products Problems associated…
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Biology Practical Questions and Answers (Section 1).
Biology Practical Questions and Answers (Section 1). Question 1 Specimen A – Twig of mango plant Specimen B – Twig of Ixora plant Study specimens A and B carefully and use them to answer the following questions Classify specimen B into its Division and Class Answer: Division Angiospermophyta Class Dicotyledoneae. State the types of leaf…
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CONCISE NOTE ON MOLE CONCEPT, INTEGRATED SCIENCE (SHS)
CONCISE NOTE ON MOLE CONCEPT Mole Mole is defined as the amount of substance containing Avogadro’s number in of particles. A mole is also the number of atoms in exactly 12 grams of carbon-12. The Avogadro’s number of particles is 6.02 x1023 particles. A mole is also a unit of measurement of the amount of…
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Solution of ammonium carbonate and bromine water solution preparation in the laboratory.
Solution of ammonium carbonate and bromine water solution preparation in the laboratory. Ammonium carbonate solution; The molecular formula of ammonium carbonate solution is (NH4)2CO3. Ammonium carbonate solution serves as a bench reagent in the laboratory. It is used in fire extinguishers and textile dyeing. Ammonium carbonate is also used in baking powder and ceramics. Ammonium…
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Root structure and modification, elective biology note for SHS.
Root structure and modification ROOT SYSTEM: The root system anchors the plant in the soil. It absorbs water and ions from the soil. Also, conducts water and selected ions to the shoot. And obtains energy in the form of sugar from the shoot. Stores material produced in the shoot for later use. http:// Most plants have…
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Leaf structure, description, and modifications.
Leaf structure, description, and modifications. Leaves, which are initiated as primordia by the apical meristems, are vital to life as we know it because they are the principal sites of photosynthesis on land, providing the base of the food chain. Leaves expand by cell enlargement and cell division at the apical meristem. Most leaves are…
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Life process of bony fish (Osteichthyes “Tilapia”), SHS elective biology.
Life process of bony fish (Osteichthyes “Tilapia”) Tilapia is a common freshwater bony fish found in lakes and rivers and brackish (slightly salty) water lagoons. Tilapia is poikilothermic (cold-blooded), that is the body temperature varies with the temperature of its surrounding. http:// Scientific classification. Phylum Chordata Reason; They possess pharyngeal silts. A hollow nerve cord…
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Reproduction in Angiosperms.
Reproduction in angiosperms. What is a flower? A flower is the sexual reproductive part of a flowering plant or angiosperm. It contains the sex organs (ovary and anther) of the plant. A fertilized flower (ovule) develops into fruits that may contain a seed or seeds. Describe the four floral parts of a flower. Corolla: It…
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The Life of a Cockroach (Periplaneta americana); Practical Note for SHS Students.
Cockroach (Periplaneta americana). Biological Classification Phylum Arthropoda Reasons: Presence of haemocilic (open circulatory system). Presence of bilateral symmetrical body. Coelomate triploblastic. Possess jointed appendages. Possess metameric segmented body. Chitinous exoskeleton present. Cockroach undergo moulting Class Insecta. Reasons: Possess three body divisions (head, thorax and abdomen). Presence of a pair of compound eyes. A pair of…
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Habitats and adaptation of organisms to their habitats.
Habitats and adaptation of organisms to their habitats. What is a habitat? A habitat is a particular place where a specie lives and reproduces is its habitat. The habitat might be the forest floor, a swift stream, or the ocean’s edge. An ecological niche is the role a species plays in its community, including its…
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